How to use the statistics calculator
Type or paste your numbers, separated by commas, spaces or new lines. You can paste a column straight from Excel or Google Sheets. The results update as you type: mean, median, mode, range, quartiles, variance and standard deviation, for both a sample and a whole population.
Formulas
Mean = Σx ÷ n
Sample variance s² = Σ(x − mean)² ÷ (n − 1) · Population variance σ² = Σ(x − mean)² ÷ n
Standard deviation = √variance
IQR = Q3 − Q1
Use the sample standard deviation when your numbers are a sample from a bigger group (most surveys and experiments). Use the population one when you have every value in the group.
Worked example
For 2, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 7, 9: the sum is 40 and there are 8 values, so the mean is 5. The median is (4 + 5) ÷ 2 = 4.5, and the mode is 4.
The squared differences from the mean add up to 32. Population variance = 32 ÷ 8 = 4, so σ = 2. Sample variance = 32 ÷ 7 = 4.571429, so s = 2.13809.
About quartiles
There are several ways to calculate quartiles, and they can give slightly different answers for small lists. This calculator uses the inclusive method, the same as Excel's QUARTILE.INC and Google Sheets' QUARTILE, so you can check results in a spreadsheet. Some textbooks use a "median of each half" method instead.
Working with percentages? Try the percentage calculator.
Frequently asked questions
What's the difference between mean, median and mode?
The mean is the average. The median is the middle value when sorted, so it isn't pulled by a few very large or small values. The mode is the value that appears most often.
How do I enter decimals?
Type them as usual, such as 2.5. If your device uses a decimal comma (2,5), separate numbers with spaces or semicolons instead of commas.
Formulas checked 29 October 2026. How we test our calculators. Check important results, and show your own working where your teacher or exam asks for it.